Showing posts with label 0-12 months babie. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 0-12 months babie. Show all posts

Sunday, May 18, 2014

How to breastfeed

 

Breastfeeding tips and advice

You’ve probably heard that breastfeeding is a great way of providing the right source of nutrition and food for your baby, but you may feel that you need to find out more about the practicalities of breastfeeding – such as how to actually get started – before you decide whether it is the right course of action for you and your baby.

How breastfeeding helps your baby

Breastfeeding is a way of giving your baby the food he or she needs, whilst building up their immune system and aiding in the protection against infections (even after the breastfeeding period has ended). However, each mother needs to make an individual choice as to whether breastfeeding is right for you and the baby.
In some cases, breastfeeding may be too painful, difficulties with latching on, or you may just decide that it isn’t something that you are not comfortable with and would prefer to bottle-feed your baby instead. Whatever decision you make, it needs to be one that you and anyone else involved in the child’s upbringing (e.g. your partner) are happy with. If you do decide to begin with bottle-feeding, and then change your mind - it can be extremely difficult to change to breastfeeding at a later stage. So the best thing you can do for you and your baby is to get as much information as you can at the outset before making any decisions. You can speak to your midwife and health visitor about all your options.
If you are still unsure once the baby is born, it might be a good idea to try breastfeeding initially, that way you haven’t limited your options to using only formula. It’s also possible to mix bottle-feeding along with breastfeeding, but it is advisable to wait until breastfeeding has been well established before introducing the formula feeds as this will increase your chances of maintaining a good milk supply.
It might be difficult to grasp this in the first few weeks, but it does get easier when a natural routine has formed. If you are struggling, please get in touch with your midwife or health visitor for support.

Tips on how to breastfeed your baby

How you hold your baby (positioning) when breastfeeding can make all the difference to how comfortable both you and your baby feel, and also how easily your baby manages to feed.
Before you begin the process, make sure you are sitting comfortably.

  • You need to be facing your baby tummy to tummy. You can tuck your baby’s bottom under your elbow for additional support or use a pillow.
  • Support your baby behind the neck and shoulders.
  • Begin with your baby’s nose in front of your nipple.
  • Allow their head to tilt back and move their mouth softly across your nipple until their mouth opens widely.
  • Bring your baby towards your breast – with their bottom lip and chin reaching your breast first.
  • Your baby's chin will be in close contact with your breast. They should be able to breathe easily. Your baby should have a large mouthful of breast.
  • You may find that supporting your breast with your hand helps the process.
  • Your baby will let you know when they’ve had enough – by releasing your breast from their mouth and not attempting to latch on (take the breast) again.
  • Breastfeeding should be a comfortable experience for you and your baby; your baby is relaxed and a soft swallowing sound is audible. If you don’t feel that this is the case, then begin the process again – it’s natural to need a bit of practice until you and your baby get into a routine.
  • You can get in touch with your midwife, health visitor or GP for more information on breastfeeding.

Further help

The National Childbirth Trust Breastfeeding line: 0870 444 8708, which has trained breastfeeding counsellors who can offer you support and information.

Weaning - foods to try and foods to avoid

Foods to try when weaning

  • gluten-free baby cereals, such as baby rice mixed with your baby’s usual milk
  • pureed cooked vegetables such as carrot, parsnip, potato/sweet potato, rice or yam
  • pureed fruit – banana, avocado, cooked apple or pear

When your baby is more used to eating solids, you may want to try some of these:

  • mashed-up meat, fish and chicken
  • mashed lentils (dahl) or split pulses
  • full-fat dairy products, e.g. yoghurt, fromage frais and custard.
Use mashed-up food from your family meal where you can, you don’t need to make your baby a separate meal, but do not add salt or sugar to the food until you have removed their portion. If you offer them a wide range of foods that you normally eat, this will help to develop their tastes and may reduce choosiness or fussiness later on. If you do use ready-prepared baby foods as well as home made food, then make sure you check the use by dates and always ensure the seal isn’t broken or damaged, or that the jar’s been tampered with in any way.
Foods to avoid
  • Salt – 7-12 months babies should not have more than one gram of salt per day. Breast and formula milk both contain salt, so don’t add any salt to foods for babies.
  • Sugar – Try to avoid too many sweet biscuits and adding sugar to their food. It could lead to a sweet tooth and expecting treats after or in-between meals. Remember; they have no preconceptions about dessert after a meal and so will not expect to follow a savoury meal with something sweet. Try fruits or breast/formula milk to sweeten foods instead.
  • Honey – The Food Standards Agency (FSA) recommends that honey should not be given to a child until they are 12 months old, as it can occasionally contain bacteria which can produce toxins in your baby’s intestines, causing a very serious illness – infant botulism. Once your baby is a year old, their intestines are developed enough for the bacteria not to grow. It is also a form of sugar, and so should be treated in the same way.
  • Nuts – should not be given to children under five years old, because of the risk of choking. But butters and ground nuts are ok for children over six months old, as long as there is no family history of allergy present.
  • Fish or shellfish – The FSA recommend that these are avoided in children under six months old, due to the small possibility of an allergic reaction.
  • Eggs – cooked eggs should not be given to your baby until they are at least six months old. Ensure that they are thoroughly cooked, and the egg yolk and white should be firm. Avoid giving your child foods which contain raw egg, such as mousse or home-made mayonnaise.
  • Cow’s milk – avoid giving this as a drink until your baby is 12 months old, because it’s too low in iron and other nutrients. From the age of six months you can use a small amount of it in cooking (e.g. custard). When you do introduce cow’s milk to your baby’s diet, ensure it is full-fat.
  • Low-fat foods – are not suitable for babies under the age of two – fat is an important source of calories and some vitamins.

Sore nipples

Treating sore nipples from breastfeeding

Nipple soreness can be a painful and off-putting side-effect of breastfeeding, but there are ways of tackling the problem. The majority of new mums will experience some tenderness when they first start breastfeeding their new baby due to hormonal changes, but this should improve after a few days. If the soreness persists, it can be because of a number of reasons.


Ensure baby is in the right position and latching on

If the pain continues throughout the feed, the baby maybe incorrectly positioned or not latching on to the breast properly, which has resulted in your baby not sucking correctly. Check the positioning of your baby, perhaps even asking someone else to watch you in the feeding position and help you make any necessary alterations.
Ensure that your baby’s mouth is open widely enough, as they need to have a mouthful of breast not just suck on the nipple. If your baby has latched onto just the nipple, break the suction by inserting your finger into the corner of their mouth, and gently remove them from your breast – just pulling the nipple straight out without breaking suction, will cause you pain.
When the baby is correctly positioned, you should feel a reduction in discomfort and maybe even immediate relief. However if the problem still persists after a few days, you should consult your doctor or a breastfeeding counsellor.

Thrush 

Sore nipples which develop weeks or months into breastfeeding may be a result of thrush. Very pink, flaky and itchy nipples can be symptoms of thrush. Make an appointment with your doctor for you and your baby, for a diagnosis and treatment. Avoid using coverings that prevent air circulation, such as breast pads with plastic backings, which may even lead to nipple thrush.

Breastfeeding if your baby's teething

During the later stages of breastfeeding, a teething baby has sore gums, which causes their sucking pattern to change and can cause soreness in mum too. You may want to try different feeding positions and pay extra attention to the way your baby is latching on.

Other tips to try

Try expressing a few drops of milk after the feed and gently rubbing it onto the sore area – this will help the healing process. Chemicals in deodorants and perfumes can cause irritation to sensitive areas, so take care to avoid any contact with your nipples.

Advice for dads to be

Bringing a baby into your life is going to mean major changes to your routine and your energy levels. From now on, you will have to put your baby’s wants and needs first. Going out and about will need a lot more organising than just grabbing your wallet and keys. You will have to plan everything around your babies needs, and if you want a night-off, you’ll have to arrange childcare. In Dr Sarah Brewer’s book ‘I Want to Have a Baby?’ she says: ‘Being a father will certainly affect your social life – a new baby is very tying and also tiring. You may find that lack of sleep means you don’t feel like going out even when you have the opportunity.’

Worries and doubts

You may be worried about how your new baby is going to affect your time, sleep and your social life. You may also feel inadequately prepared for such a huge responsibility. This baby will depend entirely on you, and you may be unsure about his or her everyday needs, such as feeding, burping, bathing, changing nappies, or even the correct way to carry your child. When Colin Joseph became a father, he took paternity leave and decided to work more regular hours. He says: ‘Looking after your baby is all new to begin with.
The first things you need to do can be quite daunting, such as bathing, changing nappies and feeding, but you do get used to it. It becomes routine and natural.’ The more time you spend caring for your child, the easier these things become. It may seem as if your child’s mother has all the answers – after all, she has spent nine months carrying the baby with her – but she is new to this as well, and she needs your help. According to Rob Williams, Chief Executive of The Fatherhood Institute, dads should get as involved as possible when the baby arrives. ‘Do as much as you can – housework, cooking, nappy changing, holding the baby. Fathers are great at everything except breastfeeding. If a father sees this responsibility as part of his role as well as his partner’s they are more likely to end up with a shared approach to parenting.’

Sharing responsibilities

Even if you have gone back to work while your partner has stayed at home, you will need to take on a share of the household chores. Rob Williams says: ‘The biggest cause of relationship tension is where responsibilities for parenting and housework are unequally divided. Evidence shows that sharing these responsibilities more equally strengthens relationships and helps to get through this difficult transition. Fathers need to think carefully about whether they can spend less time at work. And if they can't they can still do a great deal of work at home to let the mother know that she is not expected to do it all on their own.’ Dr. Carol Cooper agrees: ‘Even if you can't be (at home) a lot, try to reassure your partner that you accept it's a shared responsibility and try to do what you can when you're around. Right now the baby is a priority and you both need the chance to bond with her.’

How your life will change

Life will never be the same again. It may be a whole lot better and more rewarding, but it’s also going to be tiring, stressful and challenging. Preparing yourself for this is the first part of becoming a new parent. Your routine will ultimately have to change, particularly your sleeping patterns. From now on, you will have to use the time when your baby is asleep to sleep yourself. Your baby will not know the difference between day and night, and will sleep irregularly. Dr. Cooper says: ‘Prioritize activities. There's no point doing the housework in the only two hours out of 24 in which your baby chooses to sleep!’ Another major change will be your relationship with your partner. According to Rob Williams, most new parents don’t expect their relationships to change very much, although this is inevitable. ‘Most couples see a drop in their satisfaction with their relationship after they become parents. They have less time to spend with each other, it's more difficult to go out, and there is another person in the family who grabs most of their attention.’ According to Dr. Cooper it will take time to adjust but there are things you can do to appreciate each other. ‘Reassure your partner that you still love each other even if there's not much romance at the moment. Try to make time to spend together, perhaps just watching a video, when your baby allows.’

Top tips for Dads

  • This is the time to ask for extra support from family and friends willing to give it! This could be babysitting or just being on the other end of the phone when you need to let off steam.
  • If you live with your baby’s mum, make sure you take it in turns to see to the baby at night, so you both get some sleep and all the responsibility isn’t on one of you.
  • Be as hands-on as you can be – change nappies, read stories, play games – so you get to have that bonding time with your baby.
  • When the baby’s been settled for the night or taking a nap, is usually the time parents are rushing about trying to do all the cleaning up and getting things ready for the next day. Try to use some of this time to just be together doing the things you did when it was just the two of you – from watching TV to having a chat (or a moan…)
  • Even if you’re back at work, try to take on a share of the housework to give your partner a break.
  • The sooner you have a go at the everyday things – changing nappies, bathing, cuddling at ‘crying time’ – the less intimidating they will be. Know that your partner is new to this too – don’t assume she has all the answers.
  • Let your partner know that you want to share the responsibilities with her, to reassure her that you care.
  • Prioritize activities – if your baby is keeping you up all night, make sure you rest when you get a chance.
  • Take one step at a time – you can’t know everything and you won’t get everything right the first time. Being a new parent is one of the biggest challenges anyone can go though, take your time and keep trying.

Friday, May 16, 2014

4 Healthy Baby Feeding Tips

Should you worry about baby fat? Not so much. While some recent studies have found a link between fattening up too fast during infancy and childhood obesity, your number one job as a mom is to help your baby gain weight. Indeed, cutting calories during the first year could interfere with both your baby's physical growth and her brain development. Instead, just keep these guidelines in mind so your little cherub develops healthy eating habits:
Know the signs of satiety. A baby has had enough to eat when she closes her eyes, spits out the nipple, or pulls away, says John Worobey, Ph.D., chairman of the department of nutritional sciences at Rutgers University, in New Brunswick, NJ. Don't insist that she continue to nurse or finish her bottle. (Of course, if your baby shows no interest in eating for two or three feedings in a row, give your doc a call.)
Avoid using food to soothe. You'll need to feed a newborn often and on demand. But an older baby who fusses between meals or not long after he has emptied his mom's breasts or finished off a bottle doesn't always need more food to feel better. First try offering him a pacifier, or help him relax with rocking, singing, or shushing, suggests Jennifer Helmcamp, M.D., assistant professor of pediatrics at Texas A&M Health Science Center at Round Rock.
Put solids in perspective. During the first year, a child's primary source of calories and nutrition should be breast milk or formula, says Dr. Helmcamp. Even though babies typically start solids around 6 months, the main function of eating food at this point is to get a kid used to having it in her mouth and to provide her with a chance to "practice" eating. She doesn't need to polish off jar after jar every time she's plopped in the high chair.
Keep some barometers in mind. Babies should double their birth weight by about 4 months, and triple it by their first birthday. Talk to your pediatrician if your baby is exceeding these guidelines.

4 Most Important Baby Routines

Babies are creatures of habit -- and that's a good thing. Predictable routines make life easier for everyone, and help forge parent-child bonds, says Karen Ruskin, Psy.D., author of The 9 Key Techniques for Raising Respectful Children Who Make Responsible Choices. "Babies develop a sense of safety and trust when they have good, solid routines," she says. "They know what's going to happen next, and that helps them thrive." Those feelings of love and security will stick with your child for years to come, say the experts. Take a look at four routines you can begin now -- and why they're so important.
Eating: Satisfaction is Served
Why it matters Your baby spends a lot of time eating -- he'll be happier and more relaxed if he learns early on that when he's hungry, you feed him. And if you're breastfeeding, your milk supply will be more consistent if you stick to a regular routine.
Your best bet As soon as your baby shows signs of hunger (rooting, fussing), sit in a cozy spot with a drink of water, a nursing pillow and soft music playing. "If your baby is easily distracted when nursing, you might try going in a quiet room with the lights low," says Jim Sears, M.D., author of The Baby Book. "The baby can predict, 'Oh, we're moving to a dim room -- it's time to eat now.'" Don't watch television or catch up on email while baby nurses; by doing so, you're telling him he's not important to you.
Don't freak out if ? Your baby doesn't eat every three hours, on the dot. "A routine isn't the same thing as a schedule," says Dr. Sears. "You want to strive for consistency, for a pattern in what you do, rather than stick to a rigid timetable." Most experts including the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) agree that breastfeeding on demand is the way to go, especially during the first few weeks of baby's life when you're establishing your milk supply.
Playing: Focus on the Fun 
Why it matters Even very young babies need gentle playtime in their day. They really are little sponges, and that's when they soak up their world: investigating fingers and toes, toys and blankets. They'll be more secure learning if playtime feels routine and familiar.
Your best bet Engage your older baby in play when she's at her most alert and active (usually after eating). Try gentle stimulation: read to her, show her new toys and allow her wiggle time on the floor. Don't use these moments to tidy the room or talk on the phone, says Ruskin. "Be present with your baby -- not in a frenzy, as if this is one more thing on the to-do list," she says.
Don't freak out if ? Your baby seems to have a super-short attention span -- that's normal! "Five to 10 minutes of playtime is plenty for a young baby," says clinical psychologist Elizabeth Lombardo, Ph.D. "They are very sensitive to colors, lights and noise; they will start rolling their eyes and looking overwhelmed when they've had enough."

Why Do Newborns Want to Play?

Place your newborn in his crib, and he'll be fascinated by the motion and colors of the mobile dangling above him. He can't reach out and grab the mobile (yet), but he can use his senses to study it. Sound, sight, taste, touch, and smell will be the tools he uses to figure out the world. Indeed, for the first year, most play is sensory driven. If it's within his reach, he'll grab for it. Once it's in his hand, he'll shake it to see if it makes a noise, put it into his mouth to taste it, or rub it to see what it feels like.
To get a picture of the world from a baby's point of view, imagine how you feel when the dessert cart comes by after dinner -- you want to taste everything in sight, even though you know that the chocolate will be sweet and the Key lime pie will be tart. Babies have no reference point. Their environment is a smorgasbord ripe for discovery and full of surprises -- such as the differences in taste and texture among a sock, a plastic ball, and a chopped-up banana.

7 Things You Didn't Know About Raising Newborn Twins

In the U.S, about three of every 100 pregnant women give birth to twins or triplets. And by many accounts, twin pregnancies are on the rise. Still, even experienced moms may not know what to expect when they bring home newborn twins. 
While it is true that twins can bring double the joy, parenting twins can also require double the work -- at least initially.
"This is survival mode," says Jennifer Walker, Atlanta-based pediatric nurse and co-author of The Moms on Call Guide to Basic Baby Care. Walker is also a mother of twins.  
The key to not feeling you're over your head with twins is planning ahead. Here's what the experts say.

No schedule means no life for you.

"It's hard enough with a single baby, but when you have newborn twins, things have to be on a schedule," Walker says. "You want to get the babies on the same feeding and napping schedules. They will eventually learn to adapt."

You can breastfeed both babies at the same time -- really!

"If you breastfeed, you can feed both babies at the same time with one twin on each breast. But it takes great coordination and patience," Walker says. "I personally did not like the way it felt."
She recalls that breastfeeding her newborn twins felt like she was balancing two bobbing heads. The solution? "I breast-fed one and bottle-fed the other," she says. "I would sit down on the floor, breastfeeding one infant while the other lay on a pillow in front of me or on my side with a bottle. The whole feeding experience would take me 45 minutes total."

One crib is fine in the beginning.

"Newborn twins can certainly remain in the same crib initially," Walker says. "If they sleep better when they know the other is close by, crib-sharing can last up until they move into their childhood beds."
Many parents may make the switch to two cribs when the twins begin to roll, bump into one another, and wake each other up, she says.
While one crib is fine, two car seats and a double-stroller are absolute musts for newborn twins.

Newborn twins may be more likely to have respiratory problems.

Newborn twins are more likely to be born early and underweight. "Preemies often have more respiratory issues because their lungs may not be as developed as babies born at term," pediatrician Alan Rosenbloom says. This doesn't mean that both premature newborn twins will have respiratory issues. "If you have two premature twins born at 32 weeks and one needs a breathing tube, this twin may be more likely to have respiratory issues down the road than a twin who had slightly more mature lungs and only needed some oxygen via a nasal cannula."

The Senses and Your 4- to 7-Month-Old

Your baby is learning to roll over, starting to sit up, and grabbing toys and other interesting objects.
While most of their energy now is spent developing motor skills, babies this age also are honing all five senses, understanding and anticipating more and more of what they see, hear, and feel.

Sight

As your baby's interaction with the environment increases, you should notice a corresponding rise in visual awareness. Your baby sees much more than just a few months ago, focuses without going cross-eyed, and distinguishes more colors.
Babies this age now can track even rapid motion with their eyes. Your baby can follow the course of a rolling ball and probably can focus on watching the quick movements of an older sibling playing nearby.
You may see your baby staring in concentration while holding a toy or studying his or her own hands.Hand-eye coordination is improving, so watch as your little one stares for a while at an object, then slowly reaches out to get it. The things babies see can now be explored in new tactile ways.
f your baby has been looking at the same toys or crib mobile for several months, now is a good time to change the scenery. Don't forget that babies older than 6 months will start to pull themselves up to a sitting position, so if you have a low-hanging mobile over the crib or wall hangings within reach, remove them so your baby doesn't get hurt.
Babies this age enjoy more complex designs and can distinguish colors. Try reading books with large, brightly colored pictures to your baby, who will enjoy staring at the pages. Stimulate your baby's vision with trips out into the world. Walks in the neighborhood, a trip to the supermarket, or an outing to the local zoo all provide wonderful opportunities for your baby to see new things.

Thursday, May 15, 2014

Bonding with your baby

Bonding is the intense attachment that develops between parents and their baby. It makes parents want to shower their baby with love and affection and to protect and nourish their little one. Bonding gets parents up in the middle of the night to feedtheir hungry baby and makes them attentive to the baby's wide range of cries.
Scientists are still learning a lot about bonding. They know that the strong ties between parents and their child provide the baby's first model for intimate relationships and foster a sense of security and positive self-esteem. And parents' responsiveness to an infant's signals can affect the child's social and cognitive development.

Why Is Bonding Important?

Bonding is essential for a baby. Studies of newborn monkeys who were given mannequin mothers at birth showed that, even when the mannequins were made of soft material and provided formula to the baby monkeys, the babies were better socialized when they had live mothers to interact with. The baby monkeys with mannequin mothers also were more likely to suffer from despair. Scientists suspect that lack of bonding in human babies can cause similar problems.
Most infants are ready to bond immediately. Parents, on the other hand, may have a mixture of feelings about it. Some parents feel an intense attachment within the first minutes or days after their baby's birth. For others — especially if the baby is adopted or has been placed in intensive care — it may take a bit longer.
But bonding is a process, not something that takes place within minutes and not something that has to be limited to happening within a certain time period after birth. For many parents, bonding is a byproduct of everyday caregiving. You may not even know it's happening until you observe your baby's first smile and suddenly realize that you're filled with love and joy.

Babyproofing Basics

Childproof your home well before baby is mobile. First, get a baby's-eye-view of the situation. Crawl through your entire home on all fours. You'll be surprised at the problems you wouldn't have noticed from your usual vantage point.
Nursery
  • Don't use an unsafe toy box. Store toys on shelves or in a child-safe toy box (one that has hinges with safety stops or a removable lid).
  • Place the crib away from windows.
  • Use a separate doorstop to prevent fingers from getting pinched in the door jamb.
  • Blinds with looped pull cords and inner cords should be replaced or retrofit. Call the Window Covering Safety Council for a free repair kit: 800-506-4636; www.windowcoverings.org.
  • Use only 'cool' nightlights that don't get hot.
  • Stick a child-finder decal from your fire department on a nursery window.
    Kitchen
  • Keep matches, sharp tools, cleaners, and liquor in cabinets that lock.
  • Install locks on cabinets that are on child level.
  • Unplug countertop appliances after use and tuck the cords away from counter edges.
  • Use back burners of the stove and turn pot handles toward the back.
  • Avoid tablecloths. One tug and crash!
  • Keep the dishwasher locked.
  • Install refrigerator and oven locks.
  • Use knob covers on the stove.
    Bathroom
  • Install toilet lid safety lock.
  • Set your water heater no higher than 120ûF, or install antiscald devices on all faucets.
  • Use a nonskid mat in the tub, and put a faucet cover on the tub faucet to avoid bumped heads.
  • Lock all medicines and toiletries out of reach.
  • If your bathroom isn't carpeted, put down a rubber-backed bath mat. Wet feet and a wet floor is a slippery combination.
  • Unplug appliances like hair dryers and put them away right after use.
    Living Room
  • Keep the floor clear of tripping hazards, like throw rugs. Electric cords should be secured along the wall.
  • Cushion sharp furniture edges with soft bumper pads made for that purpose.
  • Move heavy or breakable items out of reach.
  • Bookcases and TV stands must be stable. If in doubt, anchor them to the wall with brackets.
  • Move furniture away from windows. Toddlers can climb on furniture and fall out of the window.
  • Install a screen and hearth gate in front of the fireplace.
  • Put decals on sliding glass doors to keep unsuspecting crawlers from smashing into them.
  • Use hardware-mounted safety gates at the top and bottom of staircases. Avoid accordian-style models that can entangle clothing and fingers.
  • If balusters on staircases are more than 3½ inches apart, buy railing guards (usually made of mesh) so a child can't get stuck.
    Some hazards, such as electrical outlets, are found throughout the house. You're better off spending a bit more on outlet covers, which replace the outlet plate with a safety plate, rather than using plastic plugs. The plugs can be worked out of the socket by enterprising toddlers and are themselves a choking hazard. If you have a computer system, consider an outlet strip cover. Some covers prevent the child from both fiddling with the outlet and pulling out the plug. If you must use extension cords without locking plug covers, use as few as possible and hide those behind furniture.
    Plastic doorknob covers are an inexpensive way to keep forbidden rooms off limits.
    If you have windows that are above the ground floor, you'll need to install window guards, which are required in some states. Removable ones can be taken down in case of a fire.
    Who'd Have Thought...?
    Some common household items can be dangerous:
    Wicker: Check furniture and baskets periodically to see that there are no loose pieces that baby could choke on.
    Toothpaste: Too much fluoride is harmful. Call Poison Control if baby swallows more than a pea-size amount of fluoride toothpaste.
    Magnets: Keep those tiny enough to choke on (fits through a toilet-paper roll) off the fridge. They can easily fall off.
    Vitamins: Store them away; an overdose of iron is toxic.
    Plants: Some are poisonous. Your local nursery should have a list. Even nontoxic plants aren't kid-friendly, as a baby can pull off leaves and put them in his mouth.
    Garbage: From bottle caps to cotton swabs, trash contains choking hazards. Keep garbage cans inside of cabinets with safety latches.
    Plastic bags: Any type can pose a suffocation hazard.
    Lamp oil: Do not put decorative lamps containing oil where children can reach them.

Wednesday, May 14, 2014

5 Baby Sleep Strategies

Looking For Lala Land
It sounds simple enough: Bathe, feed, cuddle, place in crib. Maybe you will even get one of those really good-natured guys or gals who fall effortlessly into a predictable eating, sleeping, and napping routine. Maybe you'll also win the lottery and never have to worry about the cost of college. But if you're like most of us, figuring out how to get your baby to fall asleep at the right time and in the right place will take you a good part of the first year of her life -- sometimes longer, but we won't go there just yet.
 
We at Babytalk have been saying for a while now that there is no one right way to put your baby to bed: What matters most is that you feel good about how you're handling your baby's nighttime routine. A strong sense of security is going to be a far better predictor of how your baby sleeps at night than how much he weighs, how much he eats, where he sleeps, and how many months he's logged here on Planet Earth -- or whatever else you heard at your last mommy group. That said, here are five baby bedtime strategies worth a try. It's up to you and your baby to figure out what it will ultimately take to ensure that everyone in your family is getting as much sleep as possible.
 
1. The Drowsy Tuck-In
Almost regardless of where you turn for sleep advice, you will discover the golden rule of baby bedtime: Tuck your baby in sleepy but not yet konked out, so he learns to self-soothe and nod off on his own. The benefits to this approach are many: For starters, your bedtime routine will be shorter and less stressful. For another, your baby will go back to sleep more easily after his nighttime feedings. Finally, after he reaches the blessed point that he no longer wakes for nighttime feedings, he will still wake intermittently (as we all do), but he'll be able to roll over and go back to sleep on his own. In short, you won't be his sleep crutch, which means more rest for both of you.
 
How to get to that heavenly place? The general wisdom is to begin to establish a routine -- including a bath or massage, for example -- that lets your baby know nighttime is near. Of course you can do some preliminary soothing -- you'll want to feed him, and maybe rock or sing or read -- but then lovingly deposit him into bed groggy but still awake and lying on his back to minimize the risk of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome). Then whisper your good nights and good-byes and hightail it outta there.
 
2. Soothing Your Baby to Sleep
This is more a natural instinct than a method. Of course your early attempts at inducing sleep are going to include feeding, rocking, singing, and swaddling. And all babies do need a wind-down routine. The catch is that not all babies tolerate the drowsy tuck-in that's supposed to follow. Some resist loudly when unceremoniously plopped into the crib, and some moms feel like crap walking away from those wails. Or you may have a "high-need" or "challenging" baby (politically correct terms for colicky, fussy, difficult, or whatever else you really feel like calling her by now). This type of baby might want to be held constantly, fuss or cry often, and demand her dinner loudly. It's fine to rock a baby like this to sleep if that's what your instincts tell you to do. If she loves sucking, lay in a stash of pacifiers -- especially if you're nursing, so you don't become a human pacifier. Then once your baby is out cold, hold your breath, rise from your rocker ever so gently, tiptoe across the room, and lower her slowly, slowly, slowly into the crib. One of the biggest challenges of this approach is that babies often wake up the minute your arms are no longer around them--and you'd jump out the window yourself if there wasn't a window guard on it! Here's a good tip if you find yourself in this situation a little too often: Since a cold sheet can be a rude awakening for these sensitive babies, keep a blanket over the sheet until just before tuck-in, and the sheet will feel warm and cozy on her little body.
3. Co-Sleeping
If you like following the concept of attachment parenting, the style of childrearing that involves lots of close physical bonding (breastfeeding, babywearing, et cetera), you may love the close connection of sleeping in the same bed with your baby, too. Some moms like the idea of this approach even before their baby is born. They may have been raised this way themselves or are attracted to the emotional connection that lots of physical contact brings. Moms who are exclusively breastfeeding may find that sleeping alongside their baby makes the constant nighttime feedings of the early weeks and months easier to manage. Still others have a high-need baby and fall into the so-called family bed because it's pretty much the only way anyone in the family can seem to get any sleep. A baby who is fussy and demanding, or shy and introverted, may really thrive on this intimacy and immediate meeting of his needs. Bear in mind, however, that there are some infants who are easily overstimulated and may not do so well in the bed with Mom, and you may have to accept that even if it's not what you had in mind (it's just one of the first clues you will get that your baby makes plenty of the decisions!). If you go the family-bed route, you also need to realize that babies who sleep with their parents are at a higher risk for sudden infant death syndrome. In 2005, the American Academy of Pediatrics came out with a strongly worded policy stating that infants under 6 months should not sleep in the same bed with their parents because research shows it ups the risk of SIDS. In fact, nearly 50 percent of babies who die of SIDS are in a bed-sharing situation, according to the AAP. One in about two thousand babies dies of SIDS each year -- not a huge number, but huge to the devastated parents who lose their children this way.
 
As the AAP's new guidelines indicate, a co-sleeper, crib, or bassinet next to your bed is safest, but if you choose to go to sleep with the baby in your bed (or it's the only way to get your little guy to nod off), make sure you are vigilant about these ground rules:
  • Keep your baby safer by putting him down on his back.
  • Keep him away from any blankets or pillows.
  • Don't sleep with your baby on a water bed, on a sofa, or in an armchair. These are even more dangerous than a traditional adult bed.
  • Maintain a smoke-free environment.
  • Never use alcohol, drugs, or any medication that might make you unaware of your baby's presence.
  • Remember that your baby's bedtime should be before yours, so avoid keeping him up until you turn in. Lie down with your baby to get him to sleep somewhere between 6 and 8 pm, and then move him into a co-sleeper by your bed so he's safe until you return. Move him next to you when you go to bed if that's what you choose to do.
  • Babytalk contributing editor William Sears, MD, co-author of The Baby Sleep Book, recommends that babies sleep next to their mothers, rather than between both parents, because he feels a mother will be more aware of the baby's presence and less likely to roll over on him.
 
4. The Gentle Good Night
If you began your sleep routine with lots of soothing in the early months and now find yourself wearying of all the work, yet you don't have the nerves for crying, or a baby adaptable enough to segue smoothly into a drowsy tuck-in routine, there is still another in-between solution for older (at least 5 months old) babies: You can attempt to gradually wean your child off an extended bedtime routine with what experts refer to as deconditioning or modified sleep training. You can try it on any baby, but it may work best on one with a fairly easygoing disposition; babies who are clingy and sensitive or high-energy and intense may put up more resistance. The big benefit here is that you get to take back your night eventually, with fewer baby tears and less maternal angst than traditional cry-it-out methods entail. The downside: You have to be very patient and very consistent for several weeks.
 
Here's how it works: Adopt a very consistent bedtime wind-down routine (always nurse or give a bottle in the same spot, then read a book or sing a song); then tuck your baby into her crib while she's still awake, only instead of hoofing it out of there, pull up a chair next to her crib. If she fusses -- and she probably will at first -- talk to her and touch her intermittently (patting her tummy, back, or head) to soothe her. Try not to pick her up -- but you can do so briefl y if she's really hysterical. Stay as long as it takes for her to fall asleep, then leave the room; repeat the method if she wakes during the night. Perform this routine consistently for the next three days at nap- and bedtime. On day four, move your chair about halfway across the room, between the crib and the door, and reassure your baby verbally from there until she falls asleep and you can leave. Again, stick with this routine for three days. On days seven and eight, move the chair all the way to the doorway and if necessary again give your reassurances verbally from there. By about day nine, with any luck you should be able to tuck your baby in and promptly leave without wails.
 
5. Ferberizing
Okay, you're in the same place as the last mom: Your're fed up with the complicated routine and night wakings, but you want faster results and think you can handle some crying. And deep down, you know you'll be a better, more loving parent when you get your life in order again, too. If your baby is no longer a newborn, you can try Ferberizing -- a method popularized by Richard Ferber, MD, in the classic book he recently revised, Solve Your Child's Sleep Problems. Over the years (the book was first published in the 1980s), critics have dubbed Ferberizing the "cry-it-out" sleep method, and possibly because he himself wearied of the callous reputation he'd developed, the new edition offers some caveats. Ferber now emphasizes that his method doesn't always work, especially on really sensitive infants, so consider your baby's personality before you attempt it. Ferberizing is best used after 4 months (you should always respond quickly to newborns) and before 8 months, when babies haven't fallen into hard-to-break habits. It's also ideal for an initially easy baby who may be getting more active and thus more resistant to going to bed because his world has suddenly become much more engaging. You yourself will need nerves of steel. If you're the type who feels like crying whenever your baby does, don't even bother to read on. But if you're exhausted and just can't take it anymore, here's how it works. Begin with your usual bedtime routine, but (and by now you know what's next . . .) tuck your baby in when he's sleepy but still awake. If he cries -- and he will if he's not used to being deposited in his crib awake, no matter how lovingly -- respond by consoling him with a soft, reassuring voice and by rubbing his tummy, but explain that it is bedtime and you are going. Your soothing tone should help even when he can't understand the words. Leave the room for a brief period -- about five minutes at first -- then return to console him if he is still upset, but don't take him out of the crib. Repeat this pattern until your baby falls asleep on his own, and do so again if he wakes in the middle of the night. Each consecutive night, lengthen the time you let him fuss by a few more minutes, then go in to comfort him, until it is no longer necessary.

4 Healthy Baby Feeding Tips

 
Should you worry about baby fat? Not so much. While some recent studies have found a link between fattening up too fast during infancy and childhood obesity, your number one job as a mom is to help your baby gain weight. Indeed, cutting calories during the first year could interfere with both your baby's physical growth and her brain development. Instead, just keep these guidelines in mind so your little cherub develops healthy eating habits:
Know the signs of satiety. A baby has had enough to eat when she closes her eyes, spits out the nipple, or pulls away, says John Worobey, Ph.D., chairman of the department of nutritional sciences at Rutgers University, in New Brunswick, NJ. Don't insist that she continue to nurse or finish her bottle. (Of course, if your baby shows no interest in eating for two or three feedings in a row, give your doc a call.)
Avoid using food to soothe. You'll need to feed a newborn often and on demand. But an older baby who fusses between meals or not long after he has emptied his mom's breasts or finished off a bottle doesn't always need more food to feel better. First try offering him a pacifier, or help him relax with rocking, singing, or shushing, suggests Jennifer Helmcamp, M.D., assistant professor of pediatrics at Texas A&M Health Science Center at Round Rock.
Put solids in perspective. During the first year, a child's primary source of calories and nutrition should be breast milk or formula, says Dr. Helmcamp. Even though babies typically start solids around 6 months, the main function of eating food at this point is to get a kid used to having it in her mouth and to provide her with a chance to "practice" eating. She doesn't need to polish off jar after jar every time she's plopped in the high chair.
Keep some barometers in mind. Babies should double their birth weight by about 4 months, and triple it by their first birthday. Talk to your pediatrician if your baby is exceeding these guidelines.

4 Most Important Baby Routines

 
Babies are creatures of habit -- and that's a good thing. Predictable routines make life easier for everyone, and help forge parent-child bonds, says Karen Ruskin, Psy.D., author of The 9 Key Techniques for Raising Respectful Children Who Make Responsible Choices. "Babies develop a sense of safety and trust when they have good, solid routines," she says. "They know what's going to happen next, and that helps them thrive." Those feelings of love and security will stick with your child for years to come, say the experts. Take a look at four routines you can begin now -- and why they're so important.
Eating: Satisfaction is Served
Why it matters Your baby spends a lot of time eating -- he'll be happier and more relaxed if he learns early on that when he's hungry, you feed him. And if you're breastfeeding, your milk supply will be more consistent if you stick to a regular routine.
Your best bet As soon as your baby shows signs of hunger (rooting, fussing), sit in a cozy spot with a drink of water, a nursing pillow and soft music playing. "If your baby is easily distracted when nursing, you might try going in a quiet room with the lights low," says Jim Sears, M.D., author of The Baby Book. "The baby can predict, 'Oh, we're moving to a dim room -- it's time to eat now.'" Don't watch television or catch up on email while baby nurses; by doing so, you're telling him he's not important to you.
Don't freak out if ? Your baby doesn't eat every three hours, on the dot. "A routine isn't the same thing as a schedule," says Dr. Sears. "You want to strive for consistency, for a pattern in what you do, rather than stick to a rigid timetable." Most experts including the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) agree that breastfeeding on demand is the way to go, especially during the first few weeks of baby's life when you're establishing your milk supply.
Playing: Focus on the Fun 
Why it matters Even very young babies need gentle playtime in their day. They really are little sponges, and that's when they soak up their world: investigating fingers and toes, toys and blankets. They'll be more secure learning if playtime feels routine and familiar.
Your best bet Engage your older baby in play when she's at her most alert and active (usually after eating). Try gentle stimulation: read to her, show her new toys and allow her wiggle time on the floor. Don't use these moments to tidy the room or talk on the phone, says Ruskin. "Be present with your baby -- not in a frenzy, as if this is one more thing on the to-do list," she says.
Don't freak out if ? Your baby seems to have a super-short attention span -- that's normal! "Five to 10 minutes of playtime is plenty for a young baby," says clinical psychologist Elizabeth Lombardo, Ph.D. "They are very sensitive to colors, lights and noise; they will start rolling their eyes and looking overwhelmed when they've had enough."

Reading Books to Babies

Jacob loves books. His mom knows this because when she sits down to read to him every night, he waves his arms excitedly.
His favorite page of "Goodnight Moon" shows a cow jumping over the moon. He squeals and reaches for the book every time he sees it. When she is done reading, his mom usually lets him hold the sturdy board book, which he promptly sticks into his mouth.
Jacob is only 6 months old, but he is already well on his way to becoming a reader.

Why Read to My Baby?

You may wonder about the benefits of reading to your baby. An infant won't understand everything you're doing or why. But you wouldn't wait until your child could understand what you were saying before you started speaking to him or her, right? Nor would you bypass lullabies until your baby could carry a tune or wait until he or she could shake a rattle before you offered any toys.
Reading aloud to your baby is a wonderful shared activity you can continue for years to come — and it's an important form of stimulation.
Reading aloud:
  • teaches a baby about communication
  • introduces concepts such as numbers, letters, colors, and shapes in a fun way
  • builds listening, memory, and vocabulary skills
  • gives babies information about the world around them
Believe it or not, by the time babies reach their first birthday they will have learned all the sounds needed to speak their native language. The more stories you read aloud, the more words your child will be exposed to and the better he or she will be able to talk.
Hearing words helps to build a rich network of words in a baby's brain. Kids whose parents frequently talk/read to them know more words by age 2 than children who have not been read to. And kids who are read to during their early years are more likely to learn to read at the right time.

When you read, your child hears you using many different emotions and expressive sounds, which fosters social and emotional development. Reading also invites your baby to look, point, touch, and answer questions — all of which promote social development and thinking skills. And your baby improves language skills by imitating sounds, recognizing pictures, and learning words.
But perhaps the most important reason to read aloud is that it makes a connection between the things your baby loves the most — your voice and closeness to you — and books. Spending time reading to your baby shows that reading is a skill worth learning. And, if infants and children are read to often with joy, excitement, and closeness, they begin to associate books with happiness — and budding readers are created.
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